Endocrine Abstracts

Background: We present a teenager with type 1 diabetes who sustained a substantial weight loss of 20 kg over 15 months. He had minimal insulin requirements with an extraordinarily low HbA1c.Presentation: During his presentation with excessive weight loss, he had blood tests which revealed pre-renal failure, following which he was admitted for rehydration and assessment. Apparently he was consuming fluid in excess of 2 l/day. Ultrasound of kidneys was nor...

Introduction: Heterozygote loss-of-function mutations in AIP (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein) predispose to young-onset pituitary adenomas. Homozygote murine knockout model of AIP leads to lethality. While the majority of the 75 published AIP mutations result in truncated or missing proteins, missense mutations are more difficult to characterise and to establish their pathogenic role. We have identified the orthologue of AIP, CG1847, in Drosophila melanogaster. ...

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with increased fracture risk both in patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) despite differences in bone mineral density BMD (decreased in T1D and increased in T2D). In T2D, insulin resistance (IR) is selective, with some insulin signaling pathways impaired, while others are overactive due to hyperinsulinemia. It is not clear how different insulin signaling pathways might contribute to the bone phenotypes observed in diabetes. ...

Introduction: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a medical condition affecting adults and children who lack sufficient growth hormone. The objective of this study was to compare diagnoses in acquired and idiopathic adult-onset GHD patients.Methodology: Results are from Ipsos’ EU5 GHD Therapy Monitor Study 2018, which is an online study conducted among physicians treating both paediatric and adult GHD patients. 156 sampled physicians provided d...

Background: Previous studies identify non-White ethnicity as predictive of poor diabetes related outcomes. However, many of these reports originate from the United States and may, in part, reflect complex interactions between ethnicity, healthcare inequality and social deprivation.Objective and hypotheses: We aimed to prospectively determine the effect of insulin intensification on glycaemic control and lipid levels in relation to ethnicity in a UK cohor...

Serum gastrin (G) levels >1000 pg usually raise the suspicion for a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) secreting G. Rarely, such elevated G levels are seen in pts with pernicious anemia (PA) which most commonly is associated with autoimmune gastritis (AG) (1). AG can occur concomitantly with other autoimmune d/o incl. lymphocytic colitis (LC) (2). G stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells which increase histamine (H) secretion. H excess can cause diarrhea (D) as can bacterial overg...

Osteoarthritis (OA) may be associated with endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, obesity, primary hyperparathyroidism or acromegaly, although often its cause remains undefined. To facilitate investigations of the underlying molecular mechanisms of OA we have investigated N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutant mice using a genotype-driven approach in which candidate genes are examined for mutations. One such investigated gene is growth and differentiation factor...

Background: Approximately 1000 children per annum born small for gestational age (SGA) will fail to catch-up and become eligible for GH treatment. The reason for this failed growth is often not defined. Understanding mechanisms that cause growth failure in SGA and finding potential biomarkers of poor growth is therefore important. We are using the new technique of Metabolomics as one avenue to address this. Metabolomics is the quantification of small molecule metabolites in a ...

Aims/objectives: Glycerol cycling plays an essential regulatory role in metabolism in both health and disease. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a recently described family of water transporting membrane proteins, which contain a subset of members that also have the ability to transport glycerol across the cell membrane. This study sought to investigate the adipose tissue expression profile of AQPs in humans, and to assess the role of AQPs in adipocyte differentiation.<p class="abstex...

Increased corticosterone (cortisol in humans) in liver has important adverse effects on glucose metabolism and is therefore a target for diabetes treatments. The functional effects of corticosterone depend on circulating levels as well as tissue regeneration by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) and inactivation by steroid 5-α-reductase type I (5αR). This study investigates how obesity affects diurnal changes in circulating corticosterone, the ge...